15 points
Alternative Medium Art by Icky Bob
March 28th, 2006 2:19 PM
“Readymade Self portrait�
The term found art (Readymade) —more commonly found object (French: objet trouvé) or ready made—describes art created from the undisguised use of objects that are not normally considered art, usually because they have a mundane, utilitarian function. Marcel Duchamp was the originator of this in the early twentieth-century.
Found art derives significance from the designation placed upon it by the artist. The context into which it is placed (e.g. a gallery or museum) is usually also a highly relevant factor. The idea of dignifying commonplace objects in this way was originally a shocking challenge to the accepted distinction between what was considered art as opposed to not art. Although it is now widely accepted in the art world as a viable practice, it continues to arouse media and public hostility, as with the Tate Gallery's Turner Prize exhibition of Tracey Emin's My Bed, which consisted literally of her (unmade, dishevelled) bed.
Found art, however, has to have the artist's input, at the very least an idea about it, i.e. the artist's designation of the object as art, which is nearly always reinforced with a title. There is mostly also some degree of modification of the object, although not to the extent that it cannot be recognised. The modification may lead to it being designated a "modified", "interpreted" or "adapted" found object.
Origin: Duchamp
Marcel Duchamp coined the term readymade in 1915 to describe his found art. Duchamp assembled the first readymade, entitled Bicycle Wheel in 1913, the same time as his Nude Descending A Staircase was attracting the attention of critics at the International Exhibition of Modern Art. His Fountain, a urinal which he signed with the pseudonym "R. Mutt", shocked the art world in 1917. Bottle Rack is a bottle drying rack signed by Duchamp, and is considered to be the first "pure" readymade.
Research by art historian Rhonda Roland Shearer indicates that Duchamp may have fabricated his found objects. Exhaustive research of mundane items like snow shovels and bottle racks in use at the time failed to reveal identical matches. The urinal, upon close inspection, is non-functional. However, there are accounts of Walter Arensberg and Joseph Stella being with Duchamp when he purchased the original Fountain at J. L. Mott Iron Works.
Development
The use of found objects was quickly taken up by the Dada movement, being used by Man Ray and Francis Picabia who combined it with traditional art by sticking combs onto a painting to represent hair. [1] A well-known work by Man Ray is Gift (1921), [2] which is an iron with nails sticking out from its flat underside, thus rendering it useless.
By the time of the the Surrealist Exhibition of Objects in 1936 a whole range of sub-classifications had been devised—most of which are now only of historical interest—including found objects, readymade objects, peturbed objects, mathematical objects natural objects, interpreted natural objects, incorporated natural objects, Oceanic objects, American objects and Surrealist objects. At this time Surrealist leader, André Breton, defined ready-mades as "manufactured objects raised to the dignity of works of art through the choice of the artist."
Pablo Picasso used found objects as the basis for Baboon and Young, and joined a bicycle saddle with handle bars to make a bull's head.
In the 1960s found objects were present in both the Fluxus movement and in Pop art. Joseph Beuys exhibited modified found objects, such as rocks with a hole in them stuffed with fur and fat, a van with sledges trailing behind it, and a rusty girder.
One of Jeff Koons' early signature works was Two Ball 50/50 Tank, 1985, which consisted of two basket balls floating in water, which half-fills a glass tank (an influence on Damien Hirst).
Artists
Many modern artists have used found objects in their art. These include:
Arman
Joseph Beuys
Jake and Dinos Chapman
Joseph Cornell
Tony Cragg
Mark Divo
Salvador DalÃ
Marcel Duchamp
Tracey Emin
Glenn
Damien Hirst
Sarah Lucas
David Mach
Giuseppe Penone
Francis Picabia
Pablo Picasso
Robert Rauschenberg
Man Ray
Daniel Spoerri
Kurt Schwitters
Readymade: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Readymade
The term found art (Readymade) —more commonly found object (French: objet trouvé) or ready made—describes art created from the undisguised use of objects that are not normally considered art, usually because they have a mundane, utilitarian function. Marcel Duchamp was the originator of this in the early twentieth-century.
Found art derives significance from the designation placed upon it by the artist. The context into which it is placed (e.g. a gallery or museum) is usually also a highly relevant factor. The idea of dignifying commonplace objects in this way was originally a shocking challenge to the accepted distinction between what was considered art as opposed to not art. Although it is now widely accepted in the art world as a viable practice, it continues to arouse media and public hostility, as with the Tate Gallery's Turner Prize exhibition of Tracey Emin's My Bed, which consisted literally of her (unmade, dishevelled) bed.
Found art, however, has to have the artist's input, at the very least an idea about it, i.e. the artist's designation of the object as art, which is nearly always reinforced with a title. There is mostly also some degree of modification of the object, although not to the extent that it cannot be recognised. The modification may lead to it being designated a "modified", "interpreted" or "adapted" found object.
Origin: Duchamp
Marcel Duchamp coined the term readymade in 1915 to describe his found art. Duchamp assembled the first readymade, entitled Bicycle Wheel in 1913, the same time as his Nude Descending A Staircase was attracting the attention of critics at the International Exhibition of Modern Art. His Fountain, a urinal which he signed with the pseudonym "R. Mutt", shocked the art world in 1917. Bottle Rack is a bottle drying rack signed by Duchamp, and is considered to be the first "pure" readymade.
Research by art historian Rhonda Roland Shearer indicates that Duchamp may have fabricated his found objects. Exhaustive research of mundane items like snow shovels and bottle racks in use at the time failed to reveal identical matches. The urinal, upon close inspection, is non-functional. However, there are accounts of Walter Arensberg and Joseph Stella being with Duchamp when he purchased the original Fountain at J. L. Mott Iron Works.
Development
The use of found objects was quickly taken up by the Dada movement, being used by Man Ray and Francis Picabia who combined it with traditional art by sticking combs onto a painting to represent hair. [1] A well-known work by Man Ray is Gift (1921), [2] which is an iron with nails sticking out from its flat underside, thus rendering it useless.
By the time of the the Surrealist Exhibition of Objects in 1936 a whole range of sub-classifications had been devised—most of which are now only of historical interest—including found objects, readymade objects, peturbed objects, mathematical objects natural objects, interpreted natural objects, incorporated natural objects, Oceanic objects, American objects and Surrealist objects. At this time Surrealist leader, André Breton, defined ready-mades as "manufactured objects raised to the dignity of works of art through the choice of the artist."
Pablo Picasso used found objects as the basis for Baboon and Young, and joined a bicycle saddle with handle bars to make a bull's head.
In the 1960s found objects were present in both the Fluxus movement and in Pop art. Joseph Beuys exhibited modified found objects, such as rocks with a hole in them stuffed with fur and fat, a van with sledges trailing behind it, and a rusty girder.
One of Jeff Koons' early signature works was Two Ball 50/50 Tank, 1985, which consisted of two basket balls floating in water, which half-fills a glass tank (an influence on Damien Hirst).
Artists
Many modern artists have used found objects in their art. These include:
Arman
Joseph Beuys
Jake and Dinos Chapman
Joseph Cornell
Tony Cragg
Mark Divo
Salvador DalÃ
Marcel Duchamp
Tracey Emin
Glenn
Damien Hirst
Sarah Lucas
David Mach
Giuseppe Penone
Francis Picabia
Pablo Picasso
Robert Rauschenberg
Man Ray
Daniel Spoerri
Kurt Schwitters
Readymade: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Readymade
